Explain the Fundamental Attribution Error and who makes that error?

The "Fundamental Attribution Error" is a psychological concept in which people attribute others' unwelcome behavior to a character flaw while justifying their own behavior as circumstantial. In the novel, it refers to characters projecting their own unacknowledged fears onto others and using unproven, negative assumptions about their intentions to judge them harshly while excusing their own hostile behavior. As Father Hùng explains, it is an unconscious attempt to get oneself "off the hook" rather than seeking the truth by directly asking the other person about the reasons behind their actions and feelings. Several characters in the novel make this error, primarily directing it at Greta to invalidate her legitimate emotional reactions: - Esmeralda explicitly commits this error when trying to justify her strained relationship with her stepmother. Instead of understanding why her past apologies to Greta felt insufficient, Esmeralda jumps to the unproven conclusion that Greta is "sickly jealous of the bond between my Dad and me". Father Hùng calls her out on this, pointing out that she is using an unproven assumption to judge Greta and avoid looking at her own accountability. - Melenia is motivated by a paralyzing fear of losing her exclusive influence over her children and grandchildren, routinely assigning Greta’s emotional reactions and discomfort to fundamental character flaws—painting her in a secret letter as "asocial," "sickly jealous"—while ignoring how her own actions (such as speaking Nahuatl over Greta's head at dinner) caused Greta to feel excluded. Rather than confronting these insecurities, she projects her own dark motives onto Greta, fabricating a narrative that Greta is a cruel "villain" trying to steal Tupac away. - The Extended Family collectively makes this error by projecting their own fears onto Greta. They repeatedly dismiss her deep feelings of exclusion and vulnerability by labeling her as "overly sensitive," effectively gaslighting her by treating her legitimate emotional reactions as inherent character flaws. - Henrietta, Tupac's eldest sister, adopts Melenia's narrative without ever seeking Greta's side of the story, dismissing Greta's legitimate distress as being "paranoid," "hypersensitive," or "asocial." - Joaquin repeats unexamined gossip and negative assumptions, framing Greta's vulnerability as hostility rather than seeking to understand her perspective.